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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 3, 1586-1598, Copyright © 1983 by Society for Neuroscience
Relations between parameters of step-tracking movements and single cell discharge in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus of the behaving monkey
AP Georgopoulos, MR DeLong and MD Crutcher
We describe the relations between the direction, amplitude, and velocity of
step-tracking arm movements and the frequency of single cell discharge in
the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the globus pallidus and
the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the behaving monkey. Statistically
significant relations to the direction, amplitude, and peak velocity of the
movement were found in all structures studied predominantly during the
movement but also during the reaction time. For movements in a particular
direction, the discharge rate was frequently a linear function of the
movement amplitude and/or peak velocity. The slopes of this relation
differed for different cells and comprised both positive and negative
values. STN differed from both GPe and GPi in that (a) a larger proportion
of neurons in STN showed significant relations to the direction of movement
and (b) the onset times of changes in neural activity related to movement
occurred earlier in STN than in GPe or GPi. The results of these studies
suggest that cells in GPe, GPi, and STN may be involved in the control of
movement parameters. Loss of the basal ganglia output related to the
amplitude or velocity of movement might account for the impairments of step
movements observed in Parkinsonian patients. On the other hand, deranged or
excessive output related to amplitude or velocity control might result in
the excesses of movement observed in other disorders, such as chorea and
hemiballismus. These studies also provide direct evidence that the STN
exerts a specific influence on basal ganglia output related to the control
of movement parameters.
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