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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 4, 1850-1862, Copyright © 1984 by Society for Neuroscience
Conditioned taste aversions modify neural responses in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius
FC Chang and TR Scott
Explorations of the neural substrates of conditioned taste aversions (CTAs)
have focused principally on diencephalic and telencephalic structures. The
nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the initial gustatory relay in the
rat's hindbrain. It is worthy of investigation for its part in mediating
CTAs in that it is sensitive to several physiological conditions which
affect feeding while also being a site of anatomical convergence for vagal
afferents from the viscera and centrifugal projections from areas
(hypothalamus, amygdala) implicated in emotions and hedonics. We compared
single neuron responses from NTS to several taste stimuli in three groups
of rats: (1) those receiving exposure to 0.0025 M sodium saccharin without
physiological consequences; (2) those made ill through intraperitoneal
injections of LiCl but having no obvious gustatory referent for their
malaise (sensitization-pseudoconditioning controls); (3) those in which
exposure to 0.0025 M sodium saccharin (the CS) was paired with LiCl-
induced poisoning (the US), creating a pronounced aversion to the
saccharin. According to response profiles, NTS neurons in all three groups
could be divided into subsets of about 30%, which showed a sweet- sensitive
profile, and 70%, which were primarily sensitive to nonsweet qualities. The
major effect of the conditioning procedure was to increase responsiveness
to the saccharin CS only among the sweet- sensitive subset. Moreover, the
peak of activity which largely accounted for the increase occurred with a
latency of 900 msec, perhaps implicating a secondary input to NTS from
diencephalic or telencephalic sites. The significance of the results is
that: (1) CTAs affect sensory activity at a lower order level than had
heretofore been demonstrated; (2) NTS shows sensitivity to yet another
physiological condition, reinforcing the involvement of the hindbrain in
hedonics and sophisticated taste-related processes; (3) there is a subset
of taste neurons, rather distinct according to its sensitivity profile,
which is also functionally unique in its response to conditioning by a
sweet CS.
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