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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 4, 1892-1903, Copyright © 1984 by Society for Neuroscience
Glia are a unique substrate for the in vitro growth of central nervous system neurons
M Noble, J Fok-Seang and J Cohen
We have examined the consequences of surface interactions with glial and
nonglial cells on the in vitro growth of CNS neurons. When cerebellar or
spinal cord cells were plated onto monolayers highly enriched in cortical
astrocytes or sciatic nerve Schwann cells, neurons generally grew as single
cells and showed relatively little tendency to aggregate. Similarly,
neurites showed little tendency to fasciculate. In contrast, when plated
onto fibroblast, heart muscle-fibroblast, or astrocyte-free meningeal
monolayers, neurons rapidly aggregated, and neurite outgrowth was primarily
in large fascicles. There were no glia detectable in the majority of
aggregates or fascicles, suggesting that aggregation and fasciculation were
due to interactions between neurons. Neurite outgrowth over 24 hr was also
greater on astrocytes than on nonglia. Whether or not aggregation and
fasciculation occurred was due to surface properties of the glial and
nonglial cells. When neurons were added to astrocyte and nonglial
monolayers growing in medium conditioned by a large excess of co-cultured
nonglia or astrocytes, respectively, the pattern of neuronal growth was
determined by the type of monolayer with which the neurons were in contact.
Moreover, the initial growth of neurons on heat-killed astrocytes was
indistinguishable from growth on living astrocytes. The pattern of neuronal
growth on these different monolayers suggests that neurons are more
adherent to glia than to other neurons but are more adherent to other
neurons than to nonglia. Such an adherence hierarchy could explain the
consistent finding of an apposition of neurons to glial surfaces during
neuronal migration and axon outgrowth. Our findings also suggest that the
interaction of axons with the non-neuronal milieu through which they grow
may play an important role in regulating fasciculation, a process which has
generally been treated as due primarily to axon-axon interactions.
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