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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 4, 1954-1965, Copyright © 1984 by Society for Neuroscience
An electron microscopic study of the development of axons and dendrites by hippocampal neurons in culture. II. Synaptic relationships
WP Bartlett and GA Banker
We have studied by electron microscopy the synaptic relationships which
develop between hippocampal neurons in dissociated cell cultures. Neurons,
obtained from fetal rats at 18 to 20 days of gestation, were plated at high
cell density onto polylysine-treated coverslips and maintained in
serum-free medium. After 3 to 4 weeks, the cells were interconnected by an
extensive network of processes which made frequent synaptic contacts with
one another. Certain of the processes could be readily identified as
dendrites by their branching pattern and content of polyribosomes. Often
individual dendrites could be followed for 100 to 200 microns from their
cells of origin. In every instance observed, the dendrites were
postsynaptic. The presynaptic processes were quite different in appearance;
they lacked ribosomes, their microtubules were spaced more closely
together, and they were thinner than even the distal dendrites except at
synaptic sites where they formed varicosities. Because of their small
diameter, the presynaptic processes could not be traced through the dense
neuropil to their origins, but in all other respects they resembled the
axons identified in younger cultures. There were differences in the
features of the synapses present on different portions of the cell. The
great majority of synapses on dendritic spines made asymmetric junctions,
whereas those on cell bodies made symmetric junctions. Both types were
observed on dendritic shafts, but asymmetric junctions were predominant.
These results show that synapses do not form indiscriminately between the
processes which develop in culture, but rather that axons and dendrites
acquire distinct synaptic polarities, just as when they develop in situ.
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