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 Previous Article
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 4, 2173-2190, Copyright © 1984 by Society for Neuroscience
Growth-related order of the retinal fiber layer in goldfish
SS Easter Jr, B Bratton and SS Scherer
The retinal fiber layer and the juxtaretinal portion of the optic nerve of
goldfish have been studied with light and electron microscopy in order to
determine whether the age-related order of fibers in the nerve originates
in the retina. In the retina, no patent spaces (channels) were noted. The
fibers ran in fascicles and consisted of two classes: nonmyelinated fibers,
which ran superficially (close to the vitreal surface), and "myelinated"
fibers, which ran more deeply and were loosely wrapped by processes
presumed to be glial. The myelinated fibers were larger and presumably
older. The nonmyelinated fibers are believed to be the young ones, from the
peripheral, more recently generated, ganglion cells, for the following
reasons. (1) Their size and cytoskeletal elements were typical of young
axons. (2) They were the only axons in peripheral retina. (3) They were
continuous with the nonmyelinated fibers in the nerve, previously shown to
be the young ones. (4) When retinal axons were cut peripherally, the
degenerating axons were in the superficial part of the fiber layer. (5)
Growth cones, presumably from the newest ganglion cells, were always
observed at the most superficial position in the fiber layer, in direct
contact with the basal lamina of the inner limiting membrane superficially
and nonmyelinated fibers deeply. The nonmyelinated fibers always clustered
together in the retinal fiber layer and occupied the most central portion
in the cross-section of the optic nerve head. Thus, the age- related
organization of fibers in the nerve is established in the retina. These
results are discussed in the context of growth, with the aim of evaluating
the relative importance of four factors that might influence the
intraretinal course of the growth cone. Its interactions with other fibers
and with the basal lamina of the inner limiting membrane seem to be more
important than interactions with the glial end feet or guidance into open,
preformed channels.
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