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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 5, 2801-2808, Copyright © 1985 by Society for Neuroscience
Quantitative morphology and regional and laminar distributions of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease
J Rogers and JH Morrison
Senile (neuritic) plaques are one of the two major neuropathologic
hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Despite their obvious importance (e.g.,
they are significantly correlated with severity of dementia), there is
little present information about their etiology, the specific neuronal
elements that form them, or a quantitative definition of where in cortex
they occur. We have sought clues to these issues by quantifying regional
and laminar distributions of neocortical plaques and setting these data
against the present wealth of information on neocortical cytoarchitecture
and neurotransmitter-specific circuitry. Senile plaques are significantly
more numerous in associative regions of neocortex than in sensory areas and
are significantly more numerous in cortical laminae dominated by their role
in corticocortical, associative relations. Plaques are also largest in
those laminae characterized by large pyramidal cells subserving
input/output functions. The quantitative distribution of senile plaques in
Alzheimer's disease does not necessarily correspond to innervation patterns
for any known subcortical afferent system. This, coupled with the finding
that several different neurotransmitters can be immunocytochemically
co-localized with plaques, casts doubts on a primary role of cholinergic
deterioration in plaque etiology, and opens the possibility that
neocortical senile plaques may derive from pathologic events initiated in
the neocortex.
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