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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 5, 1118-1131, Copyright © 1985 by Society for Neuroscience
Structure of axon terminals and active zones at synapses on lizard twitch and tonic muscle fibers
JP Walrond and TS Reese
The freeze-fracture technique was used to study differences in membrane
structure which could explain differences in the number of quanta released
from axon terminals on twitch and tonic muscle fibers in Anolis intercostal
muscles. The protoplasmic leaflets of axon terminals facing lizard twitch
muscle fibers have intramembrane particle specializations characterized by
two parallel linear particle arrays each composed of two particle rows
which lie perpendicular to the axis of shallow ridges in the axolemma.
During K+ depolarization, vesicles open between the arrays, confirming that
these structures are the active zones for synaptic vesicle opening. Active
zones at axon terminals on tonic fibers are defined by one linear particle
array composed of two parallel particle rows oriented along the axis of a
shallow presynaptic ridge; vesicles open beside these arrays. Thus, there
are more particles near active zone vesicles in terminals on twitch fibers.
Even though terminals on twitch and tonic muscle fibers seem to have
similar numbers of synaptic vesicles associated with their active zones, a
presynaptic action potential is reported to release at least 10 times more
quanta from terminals on twitch fibers. We postulate that the differences
in quantal output are related to the observed differences in the number of
active zone particles flanking synaptic vesicles at the active zone.
Indeed, the correlation between the distribution of these particles and the
level of transmitter release provides additional support for the idea that
they are the calcium channels which couple transmitter release to the
action potential.
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