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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 5, 2318-2330, Copyright © 1985 by Society for Neuroscience
Kinematic features of unrestrained vertical arm movements
CG Atkeson and JM Hollerbach
Unrestrained human arm trajectories between point targets have been
investigated using a three-dimensional tracking apparatus, the Selspot
system. Movements were executed between different points in a vertical
plane under varying conditions of speed and hand-held load. In contrast to
past results which emphasized the straightness of hand paths, movement
regions were discovered in which the hand paths were curved. All movements,
whether curved or straight, showed an invariant tangential velocity profile
when normalized for speed and distance. The velocity profile invariance
with speed and load is interpreted in terms of simplification of the
underlying arm dynamics, extending the results of Hollerbach and Flash
(Hollerbach, J. M., and T. Flash (1982) Biol. Cybern. 44: 67-77).
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