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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 218-233, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Functional reorganization in somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1 of adult monkeys after median nerve repair: possible relationships to sensory recovery in humans
JT Wall, JH Kaas, M Sur, RJ Nelson, DJ Felleman and MM Merzenich
Previous studies have shown that the primary somatosensory cortex of adult
mammals undergoes somatotopic reorganization in response to peripheral
nerve transection. The present study assesses how cortical organization is
affected when a transected nerve subsequently regenerates. The median nerve
to one hand of adult owl monkeys was transected and repaired. Following
nerve regeneration, the representations of the hand in cortical areas 3b
and 1 were studied with neurophysiological mapping methods. The major
results were as follows: Peripherally, median nerve transection, repair,
and regeneration resulted in reinnervation of the median nerve skin
territory. Centrally, both the initial loss and subsequent regeneration of
median nerve inputs caused reorganizational changes in cortex.
Reorganizational changes were specifically restricted to regions of the
hand cortex where inputs from the median nerve were normally represented.
The functional features of cortical regions that recovered tactile
responsiveness from reinnervated skin regions were abnormal in several
respects. Most notably, these regions contained recording sites with
abnormally located or multiple cutaneous receptive fields, and contained
major topographical changes, such as reestablishment of palmar pad or digit
representations in small, discontinuous patches of cortex. Normal
organizational features were reestablished to a more limited extent. These
features included recovery of delimited, discrete receptive fields and
reestablishment of topographic representations for localized skin areas.
Different transformations in topographical organization were seen in areas
3b and 1 of the same monkey. These results suggest that nerve regeneration
reestablishes the cortical capacity to process tactile information from
reinnervated skin via a prolonged reorganizational process that appears
dependent on peripheral and central factors. Cortical recovery mechanisms
clearly appear to have limitations, since preinjury patterns of cortical
organization are not widely recovered even almost 1 year after repair. We
suggest possible relationships between cortical reorganizational changes in
these primates, and postrepair sensory changes in humans.
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