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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 2950-2967, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus
S Zola-Morgan, LR Squire and DG Amaral
During the past 100 years clinical studies of amnesia have linked memory
impairment to damage of the hippocampus. Yet the damage in these cases has
not usually been confined to the hippocampus, and the status of memory
functions has often been based on incomplete neuropsychological
information. Thus, the human cases have until now left some uncertainty as
to whether lesions limited to the hippocampus are sufficient to cause
amnesia. Here we report a case of amnesia in a patient (R.B.) who developed
memory impairment following an ischemic episode. During the 5 years until
his death, R.B. exhibited marked anterograde amnesia, little if any
retrograde amnesia, and showed no signs of cognitive impairment other than
memory. Thorough histological examination revealed a circumscribed
bilateral lesion involving the entire CA1 field of the hippocampus. Minor
pathology was found elsewhere in the brain (e.g., left globus pallidus,
right postcentral gyrus, left internal capsule), but the only damage that
could be reasonably associated with the memory defect was the lesion in the
hippocampus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of amnesia
following a lesion limited to the hippocampus in which extensive
neuropsychological and neuropathological analyses have been carried out.
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July 1, 1999;
53(1):
201 - 201.
[Abstract]
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J. W. Wright, L. Stubley, E. S. Pederson, E. A. Kramar, J. M. Hanesworth, and J. W. Harding
Contributions of the Brain Angiotensin IV-AT4 Receptor Subtype System to Spatial Learning
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1999;
19(10):
3952 - 3961.
[Abstract]
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S. Blum, A. N. Moore, F. Adams, and P. K. Dash
A Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade in the CA1/CA2 Subfield of the Dorsal Hippocampus Is Essential for Long-Term Spatial Memory
J. Neurosci.,
May 1, 1999;
19(9):
3535 - 3544.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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B. A. Strange, P. C. Fletcher, R. N. A. Henson, K. J. Friston, and R. J. Dolan
Segregating the functions of human hippocampus
PNAS,
March 30, 1999;
96(7):
4034 - 4039.
[Abstract]
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Y D V. D. Werf, J G E Weerts, J Jolles, M P Witter, J Lindeboom, and P. Scheltens
Neuropsychological correlates of a right unilateral lacunar thalamic infarction
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
January 1, 1999;
66(1):
36 - 42.
[Abstract]
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J. A. Nunn, F. J. X. Graydon, C. E. Polkey, and R. G. Morris
Differential spatial memory impairment after right temporal lobectomy demonstrated using temporal titration
Brain,
January 1, 1999;
122(1):
47 - 59.
[Abstract]
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R. Rao, M. de Ungria, D. Sullivan, P. Wu, J. D. Wobken, C. A. Nelson, and M. K. Georgieff
Perinatal Brain Iron Deficiency Increases the Vulnerability of Rat Hippocampus to Hypoxic Ischemic Insult
J. Nutr.,
January 1, 1999;
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[Abstract]
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N. Meiri, M.-K. Sun, Z. Segal, and D. L. Alkon
Memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) dissociated: Normal spatial memory despite CA1 LTP elimination with Kv1.4 antisense
PNAS,
December 8, 1998;
95(25):
15037 - 15042.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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H. E. Scharfman, J. H. Goodman, F. Du, and R. Schwarcz
Chronic Changes in Synaptic Responses of Entorhinal and Hippocampal Neurons After Amino-Oxyacetic Acid (AOAA)-Induced Entorhinal Cortical Neuron Loss
J Neurophysiol,
December 1, 1998;
80(6):
3031 - 3046.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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A. B. Mulder, M. G. Hodenpijl, and F. H. Lopes da Silva
Electrophysiology of the Hippocampal and Amygdaloid Projections to the Nucleus Accumbens of the Rat: Convergence, Segregation, and Interaction of Inputs
J. Neurosci.,
July 1, 1998;
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5095 - 5102.
[Abstract]
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J. M. Reed and L. R. Squire
Retrograde Amnesia for Facts and Events: Findings from Four New Cases
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1998;
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3943 - 3954.
[Abstract]
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T. Grunwald, K. Lehnertz, H. J. Heinze, C. Helmstaedter, and C. E. Elger
Verbal novelty detection within the human hippocampus proper
PNAS,
March 17, 1998;
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3193 - 3197.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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C. L. Grady, A. R. McIntosh, M. N. Rajah, and F. I. M. Craik
Neural correlates of the episodic encoding of pictures and words
PNAS,
March 3, 1998;
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[Abstract]
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G. Fernandez, H. Weyerts, M. Schrader-Bolsche, I. Tendolkar, H. G. O. M. Smid, C. Tempelmann, H. Hinrichs, H. Scheich, C. E. Elger, G. R. Mangun, et al.
Successful Verbal Encoding into Episodic Memory Engages the Posterior Hippocampus: A Parametrically Analyzed Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
J. Neurosci.,
March 1, 1998;
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[Abstract]
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K. P. Giese, N. B. Fedorov, R. K. Filipkowski, and A. J. Silva
Autophosphorylation at Thr286 of the Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase II in LTP and Learning
Science,
February 6, 1998;
279(5352):
870 - 873.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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G. K. Aguirre, E. Zarahn, and M. D'Esposito
Neural components of topographical representation
PNAS,
February 3, 1998;
95(3):
839 - 846.
[Abstract]
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A. M. Allan, H. Wu, L. L. Paxton, and D. D. Savage
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Alters the Modulation of the gamma -Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor-Gated Chloride Ion Channel in Adult Rat Offspring
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
January 1, 1998;
284(1):
250 - 257.
[Abstract]
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Y. Sekino, K. Obata, M. Tanifuji, M. Mizuno, and J. Murayama
Delayed Signal Propagation via CA2 in Rat Hippocampal Slices Revealed by Optical Recording
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 1997;
78(3):
1662 - 1668.
[Abstract]
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E. Mori, Y. Yoneda, H. Yamashita, N. Hirono, M. Ikeda, and A. Yamadori
Medial temporal structures relate to memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: an MRI volumetric study
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
August 1, 1997;
63(2):
214 - 221.
[Abstract]
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F. Vargha-Khadem, D. G. Gadian, K. E. Watkins, A. Connelly, W. Van Paesschen, and M. Mishkin
Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal Pathology on Episodic and Semantic Memory
Science,
July 18, 1997;
277(5324):
376 - 380.
[Abstract]
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J. A. Dusek and H. Eichenbaum
The hippocampus and memory for orderly stimulus relations
PNAS,
June 24, 1997;
94(13):
7109 - 7114.
[Abstract]
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S. Corkin, D. G. Amaral, R. G. Gonzalez, K. A. Johnson, and B. T. Hyman
H. M.'s Medial Temporal Lobe Lesion: Findings from Magnetic Resonance Imaging
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1997;
17(10):
3964 - 3979.
[Abstract]
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J. D. Gabrieli, J. B. Brewer, J. E. Desmond, and G. H. Glover
Separate Neural Bases of Two Fundamental Memory Processes in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe
Science,
April 11, 1997;
276(5310):
264 - 266.
[Abstract]
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S Tole, C Christian, and E. Grove
Early specification and autonomous development of cortical fields in the mouse hippocampus
Development,
January 12, 1997;
124(24):
4959 - 4970.
[Abstract]
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K. G.F. Thomas and W. J. Jacobs
Keeping Pace with the Revolution: A Review of Schacter's Search ing for Memory
Traumatology,
January 1, 1997;
3(1):
23 - 29.
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P V Nguyen and E R Kandel
Brief theta-burst stimulation induces a transcription-dependent late phase of LTP requiring cAMP in area CA1 of the mouse hippocampus.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1997;
4(2):
230 - 243.
[Abstract]
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L. R. Squire and S. M. Zola
Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems
PNAS,
November 26, 1996;
93(24):
13515 - 13522.
[Abstract]
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A. H. Gazzaley, N. G. Weiland, B. S. McEwen, and J. H. Morrison
Differential Regulation of NMDAR1 mRNA and Protein by Estradiol in the Rat Hippocampus
J. Neurosci.,
November 1, 1996;
16(21):
6830 - 6838.
[Abstract]
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J. R. Moyer Jr., L. T. Thompson, and J. F. Disterhoft
Trace Eyeblink Conditioning Increases CA1 Excitability in a Transient and Learning-Specific Manner
J. Neurosci.,
September 1, 1996;
16(17):
5536 - 5546.
[Abstract]
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N. L. Rempel-Clower, S. M. Zola, L. R. Squire, and D. G. Amaral
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage Limited to the Hippocampal Formation
J. Neurosci.,
August 15, 1996;
16(16):
5233 - 5255.
[Abstract]
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P. V. Nguyen and E. R. Kandel
A Macromolecular Synthesis-Dependent Late Phase of Long-Term Potentiation Requiring cAMP in the Medial Perforant Pathway of Rat Hippocampal Slices
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1996;
16(10):
3189 - 3198.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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A. L. Markowska, D. Price, and V. E. Koliatsos
Selective Effects of Nerve Growth Factor on Spatial Recent Memory as Assessed by a Delayed Nonmatching-to-Position Task in the Water Maze
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1996;
16(10):
3541 - 3548.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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L.R. Squire and S.M. Zola
Memory, Memory Impairment, and the Medial Temporal Lobe
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol,
January 1, 1996;
61(0):
185 - 195.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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S. Tonegawa, J.Z. Tsien, T.J. McHugh, P. Huerta, K.I. Blum, and M.A. Wilson
Hippocampal CA1-region-restricted Knockout of NMDAR1 Gene Disrupts Synaptic Plasticity, Place Fields, and Spatial Learning
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol,
January 1, 1996;
61(0):
225 - 238.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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