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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 2950-2967, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus
S Zola-Morgan, LR Squire and DG Amaral
During the past 100 years clinical studies of amnesia have linked memory
impairment to damage of the hippocampus. Yet the damage in these cases has
not usually been confined to the hippocampus, and the status of memory
functions has often been based on incomplete neuropsychological
information. Thus, the human cases have until now left some uncertainty as
to whether lesions limited to the hippocampus are sufficient to cause
amnesia. Here we report a case of amnesia in a patient (R.B.) who developed
memory impairment following an ischemic episode. During the 5 years until
his death, R.B. exhibited marked anterograde amnesia, little if any
retrograde amnesia, and showed no signs of cognitive impairment other than
memory. Thorough histological examination revealed a circumscribed
bilateral lesion involving the entire CA1 field of the hippocampus. Minor
pathology was found elsewhere in the brain (e.g., left globus pallidus,
right postcentral gyrus, left internal capsule), but the only damage that
could be reasonably associated with the memory defect was the lesion in the
hippocampus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of amnesia
following a lesion limited to the hippocampus in which extensive
neuropsychological and neuropathological analyses have been carried out.
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