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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 3010-3023, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Anatomical evidence for direct projections from the entorhinal area to the entire cortical mantle in the rat
LW Swanson and C Kohler
The entorhinal area is the most highly differentiated cortical field of the
hippocampal formation from an anatomical point of view, and is best known
as the origin of the perforant pathway, a massive association projection to
the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn. This pathway is
important as the first link in the so-called "trisynaptic circuit," which
is thought to form the basic unit of information processing in the
hippocampal formation and has been implicated in the elaboration of
short-term memory and the more permanent storage of selected events in
other parts of the cortical mantle. We have reexamined the efferent
projections of the lateral entorhinal area with a sensitive new method that
utilizes the anterograde axonal transport of a lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris
leukoagglutinin (PHA-L), that is not internalized by fibers of passage, and
displays labeled axons with the clarity of Golgi impregnations. The results
of 5 experiments with injections confined entirely to the lateral
entorhinal area suggest that this area sends fibers to innervate the entire
cortical mantle, as well as to a longitudinal zone extending the length of
the striatum (nucleus accumbens and medial caudoputamen) and the
basolateral complex of the amygdala. In an additional series of
experiments, injections of the fluorescent retrograde tracer fast blue that
were centered in medial prefrontal, somatosensory, auditory, and motor
areas of the cortex invariably labeled many neurons in layer IV of the
lateral entorhinal area, as well as in other layers, depending on the site
of injection. Finally, the results of double retrograde tracer experiments
indicated that the 2 densest projections from the lateral entorhinal
area--to the medial prefrontal region and to the dentate gyrus and Ammon's
horn--arise from essentially separate populations of neurons. These
findings serve to clarify the neural mechanisms underlying the role of the
hippocampal formation in learning and memory, as well as in locomotor
activity associated with goal-oriented behavior.
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