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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 1211-1219, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-II, and nerve growth factor on neurite formation and survival in cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons
E Recio-Pinto, MM Rechler and DN Ishii
Insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) may directly affect the
development of the nervous system. NGF, IGF-II, and insulin's effects on
neurite formation and neuronal survival were studied in peripheral ganglion
cell cultures from chick embryos. Neurite outgrowth was enhanced in a
dose-dependent manner by insulin and IGF-II in sympathetic cell cultures.
The half-maximally effective concentration, ED50, was about 0.4-0.6 nM for
both polypeptides, and concentrations as low as 10 pM were active. However,
in sensory neurons the ED50 for neurite outgrowth was about 30 nM for
insulin and 0.1 nM for IGF-II, suggesting that these factors may have
selective effects in different neuronal tissues. Neither serum nor the
presence of non-neuronal cells was required for the response in sympathetic
neurons. The specific anti- NGF antiserum inhibited the neurite outgrowth
response to NGF but not to insulin nor IGF-II. Insulin and IGF-II
additionally supported survival of sensory and sympathetic neurons;
however, insulin was not as efficacious as NGF. The combination of high
concentrations of NGF and insulin was no better than NGF alone in
supporting sympathetic cell survival, or neurite outgrowth. This indicates
that insulin acts on the same, or a subpopulation, of NGF-responsive
neurons. These results support the hypothesis that insulin and its homologs
belong to a broad family of neuritogenic polypeptides.
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