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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 1876-1884, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Normal olfactory discrimination learning set and facilitation of reversal learning after medial-temporal damage in rats: implications for an account of preserved learning abilities in amnesia
H Eichenbaum, A Fagan and NJ Cohen
Recent evidence of preserved skill learning in patients with "global"
amnesia has led to the postulation of a qualitative distinction between
functionally separate memory systems, one of which may remain preserved
when the other is profoundly impaired. On one account, the separate memory
systems support either the learning of declarative knowledge, i.e., facts
and associations, or the learning of procedural knowledge, i.e., knowledge
that permits the expression of skilled performance without reference to
specific facts or associations. In an effort to develop a rodent model of
amnesia that illustrates the same distinction between memory systems, rats
were trained in a series of discrimination and reversal problems using
olfaction, a sensory modality in which they rapidly learn new associations.
Rats with bilateral fornix, amygdala, or combined fornix and amygdala
damage learned successive two-odor discriminations as quickly as normal and
sham-operated control subjects. Furthermore, all groups rapidly acquired
the skills of discrimination as revealed in the development of a learning
set. Subsequent presentation of a reversal of one discrimination elicited a
marked dissociation among groups: Normal rats and rats with amygdala
lesions required many more trials to acquire the reversal than to acquire a
new discrimination problem, whereas rats with fornix lesions learned the
reversal rather easily. A detailed analysis of response strategies
suggested that normal rats and rats with amygdala lesions first
extinguished the prior response tendencies and then abandoned the learning
set skills and treated the reversal much as they did the initial
discrimination problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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