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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 2495-2508, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Maldevelopment of visual motion processing in humans who had strabismus with onset in infancy
L Tychsen and SG Lisberger
Binocular experience in infancy is necessary for the normal development of
the visual cortex. However, it is not known whether binocular experience
also affects the processing of specific kinds of visual information such as
motion. We now report deficits in visual motion processing in 7 adult
humans who lacked binocularity in infancy because of strabismus. As probes
for assessing visual motion processing, we used the initiation of smooth
pursuit eye movements and the judgment of target velocity independent of
eye movement. Monocular viewing was essential to reveal the deficits. For
horizontal pursuit, strabismic subjects showed nasal-temporal asymmetries,
such that nasally directed target motion evoked more vigorous pursuit. For
vertical pursuit, strabismics showed up-down asymmetries, such that upward
target motion evoked more vigorous pursuit. In addition, strabismics had
abnormalities in the relative effectiveness of different parts of the
visual field for initiating both horizontal and vertical pursuit.
Psychophysical judgements of horizontal target velocity revealed deficits
analogous motion was perceived as faster than temporally directed motion,
even when the 2 directions of motion were actually presented at the same
speed. The magnitude of the motion processing deficits in each subject was
correlated with the severity of the clinical signs of the strabismus. Our
results suggest 2 possible interpretations. Maldevelopments of visual
motion processing may cause strabismus in infancy, or alternatively,
strabismus in the critical period for visual development may cause a
maldevelopment of visual motion processing.
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