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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 23-39, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Neuronal control of bird song production
JS McCasland
Bird song represents a powerful model system for many of the important
problems in behavioral neurobiology, offering both easily measured sensory
and motor patterns and a discrete neural effector system. Methods were
developed to record the discharge of neurons in singing birds to examine
the functions of nuclei in the song control pathway previously implicated
anatomically. In several cases, lesions and other techniques were employed
to test predictions derived from electrode recordings. Four major findings
emerge from these studies. Single-unit recordings from telencephalic
nucleus hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc) show several classes of
neurons with apparently specialized roles in song production and/or
sensorimotor interaction. The nucleus interfacialis (Nlf; Nottebohm, 1980),
which provides an input to HVc and is anatomically the "highest" nucleus in
the descending motor pathway, is uniquely placed among vocal control nuclei
to be a generator of timing cues for song. Consistent with the
unidirectional connections between nuclei of the descending pathway, Nlf,
HVc, and nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA) are activated sequentially
prior to sound onset. Three other nuclei with connections to or from the
descending tract do not show song-related activity in the adult. Bilateral
HVc recordings and peripheral disruptions of the vocal apparatus suggest
that both hemispheres and syringeal halves normally make similar
contributions to most if not all song syllables. The latter finding casts
doubt on the analogy between neural lateralization in bird song and in
human speech.
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