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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 3256-3264, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
The development of hindlimb motor activity studied in the isolated spinal cord of the chick embryo
MJ O'Donovan and L Landmesser
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
The development of hindlimb motor activity was studied in an isolated
preparation of the chick spinal cord. The motor output from lumbosacral
segments was characterized by recording the pattern of ventral root and
muscle nerve discharge in 6-14-d-old embryos. In addition, the synaptic
drive underlying motoneuron activity was monitored electrotonically from
the ventral roots. Spontaneous motor activity consisted of recurring
episodes of cyclical motoneuron discharge. During development, both the
number of cycles in each episode and the intensity of discharge in each
cycle progressively increased. Monophasic, positive ventral root potentials
accompanied each cycle of motoneuron discharge. Prior to the innervation of
hindlimb muscles at stage 26, ventral root discharge was barely detectable
despite the presence of large ventral root potentials. Following hindlimb
muscle innervation, each cycle of activity was initiated by a brief,
intense discharge that coincided with the rising phase of the ventral root
potential. In embryos older than stage 30, the initial discharge was
followed, after a delay, by a more prolonged discharge. The duration of
ventral root potentials was shortest in the stage 26 embryos, but was
similar in embryos at stage 29 and older. The developmental changes in the
coordination of antagonist activity were documented by recording the
pattern of discharge in sartorius (flexor) and caudilioflexorius (extensor)
muscle nerves between stage 30 and stage 36. At stage 30 both sets of
motoneurons were coactivated during the brief discharge that initiated each
cycle. By stage 31 a second discharge occurred in each cycle. The second
discharge was delayed in flexor, but not in extensor, motoneurons, which
led to an alternating pattern of activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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