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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 3574-3587, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Catecholaminergic properties of cholinergic neurons and synapses in adult rat ciliary ganglion
SC Landis, PC Jackson, JR Fredieu and J Thibault
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Parasympathetic neurons of the ciliary ganglion are innervated by
preganglionic cholinergic neurons whose cell bodies lie in the brain stem;
the ganglion cells in turn provide cholinergic innervation to the intrinsic
muscles of the eye. Noradrenergic innervation of the iris is supplied by
sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion. Using
immunocytochemical and histochemical techniques, we have examined the
ciliary ganglion of adult rats for the expression of cholinergic and
noradrenergic properties. As expected, the postganglionic ciliary neurons
possessed detectable levels of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity
(ChAT-IR). Unexpectedly, many ciliary neurons also exhibited
immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH-IR). Some had dopamine
beta-hydroxylase-like (DBH-IR) immunoreactivity, but none contained
detectable catecholamines, even after treatment with nialamide and L-DOPA.
A sparse plexus of fibers exhibiting faint TH-IR was present in the irises
of acutely sympathectomized rats. The terminals of preganglionic axons in
the ciliary ganglion exhibited not only immunoreactivity for ChAT, but also
for TH and contained stores of endogenous catecholamine. Neither ciliary
neurons nor their preganglionic innervation accumulated detectable stores
of exogenous catecholamines. Rats sympathectomized as neonates by treatment
with 6- hydroxydopamine subsequently had a greater proportion of neurons
possessing detectable TH-IR in the ciliary ganglion; both the TH-IR
perikarya and their axons in the iris were more intensely
immunofluorescent. TH-IR was present in the ciliary neuron cell bodies of
mouse, guinea pig, and ferret. These species, however, lacked detectable
TH-IR or catecholamine stores in preganglionic terminals. These
observations indicate that mature, functionally cholinergic neurons from 2
different embryonic origins, postganglionic ciliary neurons derived from
the neural crest and preganglionic neurons derived from the neural tube,
display several catecholaminergic properties.
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