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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 1223-1249, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Local circuitry of identified projection neurons in cat visual cortex brain slices
LC Katz
The relationship between pyramidal cell morphology and efferent target was
investigated in layer 6 of cat primary visual cortex (area 17). Layer 6 has
2 projections, one to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and another to
the visual claustrum. The cells of origin of each projection were
identified by retrograde transport of fluorescent latex microspheres. The
labeled cells were visualized in brain slices prepared from area 17, using
an epifluorescence compound microscope modified for intracellular
recording. Individual retrogradely labeled cells were penetrated and
intracellularly stained with Lucifer yellow to visualize the patterns of
axons and dendrites associated with each projection. The neurons that give
rise to the 2 projections had very different patterns of dendrites and
local axonal collaterals, but the patterns within each group were highly
stereotyped. The differences between their axonal collaterals were
particularly dramatic. Claustrum projecting cells had fine, horizontally
directed collaterals that arborized exclusively in layer 6 and lower layer
5. Most LGN projecting cells had virtually no horizontal arborization in
layer 6. Instead, they sent widespread collaterals vertically, which
arborized extensively in layer 4. The apical dendrites of the 2 groups also
differed markedly. Claustrum projecting cells had apical dendrites reaching
to layer 1, with branches in layer 5 only, while LGN projecting cells never
had an apical dendrite reaching higher than layer 3, with side branches in
layers 5 and 4. Therefore, each efferent target must receive inputs from
neurons whose synaptic connections within area 17 are significantly
different from those of neurons projecting to other targets. This further
suggests that distinct visual response properties should be associated with
each projection. In addition to the claustrum and LGN projecting cells,
about 20% of layer 6 pyramidal neurons lacked an efferent axon.
Morphologically, most resembled LGN projecting neurons, but a few had
characteristics of claustrum projecting cells. These neurons may represent
cells that either failed to make an efferent connection or cells that lost
an efferent axon during development. Their frequency suggests that such
intrinsic, presumably excitatory, neurons may play a significant role in
cortical processing.
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