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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 2821-2836, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Adaptation of mechanoelectrical transduction in hair cells of the bullfrog's sacculus
RA Eatock, DP Corey and AJ Hudspeth
Adaptation in a vestibular organ, the bullfrog's sacculus, was studied in
vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiments, the discharge of primary
saccular neurons and the extracellular response of saccular hair cells were
recorded during steps of linear acceleration. The saccular neurons
responded at the onset of the acceleration steps, then adapted fully within
10-50 msec. The extracellular (microphonic) response of the hair cells
adapted with a similar time course, indicating that the primary sources of
the neural adaptation are peripheral to the afferent synapse--in the hair
cell, its mechanical inputs, or both. Evidence for hair cell adaptation was
provided by 2 in vitro preparations: after excising the sacculus and
removing the accessory structures, we recorded either the extracellular
hair cell response to displacement of the otolithic membrane or the
intracellular hair cell response to hair bundle displacement. In both cases
the response to a step stimulus adapted. The adaptation involved a shift in
the displacement-response curve along the displacement axis, so that the
cell's operating point was reset toward the static position of its hair
bundle. This displacement shift occurred in response to both depolarizing
and hyperpolarizing stimuli. Its time course varied among cells, from tens
to hundreds of milliseconds, and also varied with the concentration of Ca2+
bathing the apical surfaces of the hair cells. Voltage-clamp experiments
suggested that the displacement shift does not depend simply on ion entry
through the hair cell's transduction channels and can occur at a fixed
membrane potential. The possible role of the displacement-shift process in
the function of the frog's sacculus as a very sensitive vibration detector
is discussed.
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