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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 8, 242-255, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Neuroscience
Identification of the neuropeptide transmitter proctolin in Drosophila larvae: characterization of muscle fiber-specific neuromuscular endings
MS Anderson, ME Halpern and H Keshishian
Biology Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.
The cellular localization of the peptide neurotransmitter proctolin was
determined for larvae of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Proctolin
was recovered from the CNS, hindgut, and segmental bodywall using
reverse-phase HPLC, and characterized by bioassay, immunoassay, and
enzymatic analysis. A small, stereotyped population of proctolin-
immunoreactive neurons was found in the larval CNS. Several of the
identified neurons may be efferents. In the periphery, proctolin-
immunoreactive neuromuscular endings were identified on both visceral and
skeletal muscle fibers. On the hindgut, the neuropeptide is associated with
endings on intrinsic circular muscle fibers. We propose that the hindgut
muscle fibers are innervated by central neurons homologous to previously
described proctolinergic efferents of grasshoppers. The segmental bodywall
innervation consists of a pattern of segment-specific junctions on several
singly identifiable muscle fibers. While it is generally accepted that
Drosophila muscle fibers are innervated by glutamatergic motoneurons, our
data indicate that a specialized subset of muscle fibers are also
innervated by peptidergic efferents.
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