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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 8, 4007-4026, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Neuroscience
Nucleus basalis and thalamic control of neocortical activity in the freely moving rat
G Buzsaki, RG Bickford, G Ponomareff, LJ Thal, R Mandel and FH Gage
Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
EEG and single-unit techniques have been used to study the EEG correlates
of cellular firing in the neocortex, n. reticularis (RT) and "specific"
thalamic nuclei, and the cholinergic forebrain area (nucleus basalis, NB).
Neuronal firing was related to the ongoing behavior of the rat. In
addition, using a 16-channel neocortical recording/mapping system, we
studied the effects of ibotenic acid lesion of NB, RT, and other thalamic
nuclei on the patterns and spatial distribution of neocortical electrical
activity. The majority of neurons in neocortex, NB, and RT increased their
firing rates during walking, as compared to during immobility, with
concurrent decrease of delta power in the neocortical EEG. During
immobility, high-voltage spindles (HVS; greater than 1 mV) were
occasionally recorded from the neocortex. Depth profiles of HVS and slow
delta waves were different in the neocortex. Neocortical cells decreased
their discharge frequency during the positive portion of delta waves
recorded in layers V and VI. All cells in the neocortex and specific
thalamic nuclei fired rhythmically and phase-locked to the spike component
of HVS. RT neurons showed an opposite phase relationship and fired mainly
during the wave component of HVS. Half of the NB neurons also showed phasic
modulation with HVS. Circumscribed lesion of RT and extensive damage of
other thalamic regions, including the intralaminar nuclei, suppressed HVS
but had no effect on the neocortical EEG correlates of behavior. In sharp
contrast, damage to the NB resulted in a dramatic increase of slow delta
waves on the side of the lesion, mimicking the effect of scopolamine
administration. We suggest that the NB plays a key role in neocortical
arousal by directly activating the neocortex and by suppressing the rhythm
generation in the RT-thalamocortical circuitry. We further suggest that the
NB system may serve as a structural basis for the concept of the
generalized ascending activation of Moruzzi and Magoun (1949).
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