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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 8, 4415-4426, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Neuroscience
Control of contractile properties within adaptive ranges by patterns of impulse activity in the rat
RH Westgaard and T Lomo
Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Oslo, Norway.
These experiments explore the relationship between patterned impulse
activity and contractile properties of skeletal muscles. Soleus (SOL) and
extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of adult rats were denervated and
stimulated directly from 4 to 15 weeks with the same number of pulse trains
at different intratrain pulse frequencies (1-500 Hz), with different
numbers of pulse trains (864-4,320,000 pulses/d) at the same intratrain
pulse frequencies, or with different combinations of pulse trains at 10 and
100 Hz. Chronic stimulation of the denervated SOL resulted in twitch
times-to-peak and half-relaxation times that varied in a graded manner
between values longer than those in the normal SOL to values as fast as
those in the normal EDL, depending upon the pattern used. Increasing pulse
frequencies (constant number) resulted in faster twitches, lower
twitch/tetanus ratios, increasing post-tetanic potentiations, and larger
tetanic tensions. Increasing pulse numbers (constant frequencies) resulted
in slower twitches, lower twitch/tetanus ratios, post-tetanic depressions,
and higher fatigue indices. The effect of varying the pulse number on
twitch parameters was greater at low frequencies (10-20 Hz) than at high
frequencies (100 Hz). SOL muscles receiving pulse trains at both 10 and 100
Hz became much faster than muscles receiving pulse trains at 10 Hz only,
even in the experiments where the stimulation pattern contained 9 times as
many pulses at 10 as at 100 Hz. Chronic stimulation of both the denervated
and the innervated EDL with large numbers of pulses at 10 or 15 Hz resulted
in twitches that were only half as slow as those induced in the SOL by the
same "slow" patterns. In addition, these patterns led to a marked decrease
in maximum tetanic tension and a marked increase in twitch/tetanus ratio.
During stimulation with a small number of pulses at 150 Hz, on the other
hand, twitch speed, twitch/tetanus ratio, and maximum tetanic tension
remained normal or almost normal. We conclude that the isometric twitch and
related properties of the rat SOL muscle can be graded within wide
"adaptive ranges" by varying either the number or the frequency of pulses.
In the EDL, the corresponding adaptive ranges appear much narrower,
suggesting that the EDL and the SOL contain intrinsically different muscle
fibers.
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