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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 8, 1361-1369, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Neuroscience

ARTICLE

Development of cholinergic retinal neurons from embryonic chicken in monolayer cultures: stimulation by glial cell-derived factors

HD Hofmann
Max-Planck-Institut fur Hirnforschung, Frankfurt/M, FRG.

In recent years evidence has indicated that, like the PNS, the development of the CNS is influenced by neuronotrophic polypeptide factors. In the present study, cultures of dissociated retinal neurons from 8-d-old chicken embryos were used to investigate the role of neuronotrophic factors (NTF) in the development of the neural retina. CAT, which in vivo is located in amacrine cells of the retina, served as a marker for studying the in vitro development of cholinergic retinal neurons. Differentiation of cholinergic cells under control conditions was indicated by a 10-fold increase of enzyme activity during a 7-d culture period. Addition of media conditioned by high- density retinal cultures resulted in a further stimulation of CAT activity by 100-400%. The CAT-stimulating activity was associated with a high-molecular-weight component of the retina conditioned medium (RCM) and was sensitive to protease treatment, but was not affected by other hydrolytic enzymes. The putative cholinergic factor was secreted by retinal cultures virtually free of neurons, suggesting that it is mainly produced by Muller cells. CAT-stimulating activity was also present in extracts from embryonic chicken retinae and medium conditioned by rat retinal cultures. NGF, anti-NGF antiserum, extracts from chicken brain tissues, and a number of other extracts and conditioned media, all known to contain neuronotrophic activities, were found to have no influence on cholinergic development in chicken retinal cultures. An extract from non-retinal eye tissue containing ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF) stimulated CAT activity to the same extent as did RCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. E. Belmonte, L. A. McKinnon, and N. M. Nathanson Developmental Expression of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Chick Retina: Selective Induction of M2 Muscarinic Receptor Expression In Ovo by a Factor Secreted by Muller Glial Cells J. Neurosci., November 15, 2000; 20(22): 8417 - 8425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. McKinnon, E. C. Gunther, and N. M. Nathanson Developmental Regulation of the cm2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene: Selective Induction by a Secreted Factor Produced by Embryonic Chick Retinal Cells J. Neurosci., January 1, 1998; 18(1): 59 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Fuhrmann, M Kirsch, and H. Hofmann Ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes chick photoreceptor development in vitro Development, January 8, 1995; 121(8): 2695 - 2706. [Abstract] [PDF]

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