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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 8, 1728-1738, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Neuroscience
Cytology and neuron-glial apposition of migrating cerebellar granule cells in vitro
WA Gregory, JC Edmondson, ME Hatten and CA Mason
Department of Pharmacology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016.
In developing mammalian brain, many neurons migrate to their final position
by moving in direct apposition to radially oriented glial cells.
Glial-guided migration can be visualized in microcultures of mouse
cerebellar cells by the combined use of cellular antigen markers and high
resolution time-lapse video microscopy (Hatten et al., 1984; Edmondson and
Hatten, 1987). Such studies have demonstrated the behavior of migrating
cells and revealed a motile leading process on the migrating neuron that
resembles an axonal growth cone and grows along extended glial fibers. To
study the fine structural details of the migrating neuron and its
neuron-glial apposition, we identified and monitored neurons in
microcultures with video microscopy and examined the cytology and cellular
contacts of the same cells with transmission electron microscopy. The
cytology of the soma and leading process of migrating cells closely matches
that described for granule cells in intact brain (Rakic, 1971). Newly
observed structures include the presence of longitudinally oriented
microtubules extending from a basal body in the soma into the leading
process, and microfilament-rich filopodia arising from the soma and leading
process. The most striking feature of actively migrating neurons is a
specialized junction between the neuronal cell soma and apposing glial
fibers. At this junction, here termed "interstitial density," the
extracellular space is dilated to 20 nm and filamentous material in the
intracellular cleft either spans the cleft or runs parallel to the cell
membranes. Some interstitial fibrils are contiguous with, or are
transmembranous extensions of, submembranous cytoskeletal elements that
attach to microtubules. Interstitial junctions were not found between
neurons that did not translocate in the observation period before fixation.
Instead, stationary cells formed desmosomes (puncta and macula adhaerentia)
at appositions with glial processes.
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