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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 8, 3221-3232, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Neuroscience
Organization of adult motor cortex representation patterns following neonatal forelimb nerve injury in rats
JP Donoghue and JN Sanes
Center for Neural Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912.
Somatotopic representation patterns in the motor cortex (MI) of rats that
had a unilateral forelimb amputation on the first postnatal day were
examined after 2-4 months of survival. Intracortical electrical stimulation
and recording techniques were used to map the somatic representation in MI
and in the somatic sensory cortex (SI). In normal rats, vibrissa, forelimb,
and hindlimb areas comprise the bulk of the MI representation. Stimulation
within the forelimb area elicits elbow, wrist, or digit movements at the
lowest current intensities. The proximal limb representation appears to be
contained within the distal forelimb area, since shoulder movements are
nearly always evoked by stimulating at higher current intensities at some
distal forelimb sites. In agreement with previous studies, the distal
forelimb representation overlapped the adjacent part of the granular SI
cortex. Following removal of the forelimb at birth, 3 novel features of MI
organization were observed. First, the areas from which stimulation evoked
movements of the vibrissa or the shoulder musculature were larger than
normal. Stimulation thresholds were lower than those required for
comparable movements in normal rats throughout these areas, suggesting that
nerve section had not simply unmasked a high- threshold representation.
Second, vibrissa movements were more commonly paired with movements of the
proximal forelimb muscles at the same site. Third, stimulation in the
adjacent granular SI cortex failed to evoke shoulder or trunk movements,
although receptive-field mapping in this region showed that cells were
responsive to cutaneous stimulation of the trunk and shoulder region. These
results indicate that several organizational features develop differently
in MI following perinatal nerve injury: certain remaining muscle groups
have enlarged cortical representations, there is a strengthening of some
normally weak connections from MI to the proximal musculature, and muscles
are grouped in unusual combinations. These data demonstrate that the
formation of MI representation patterns is strongly influenced by nerve
injury during the perinatal period.
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