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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 299-311, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Cerebellar lesions and the nictitating membrane reflex: performance deficits of the conditioned and unconditioned response
JP Welsh and JA Harvey
Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
Unilateral cerebellar lesions abolished the occurrence of ipsilateral
conditioned nictitating membrane responses during the 285 msec interval
between onset of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli on paired
trials. This effect was obtained in 15 animals sustaining damage to the
dorsolateral aspects of the interpositus nucleus and the adjoining white
matter. However, conditioned responses did occur during the 800 msec
observation interval employed on tone-alone test trials, and these
responses exhibited the classic performance deficits normally associated
with cerebellar damage: a low frequency of occurrence (14%, as compared
with 96% before the lesion); a 3.1 mm decrease in amplitude; a 236 msec
increase in onset latency; a 563 msec increase in latency of peak
amplitude; and a 327 msec increase in rise time. Four of the 15 animals
failed to demonstrate greater than 5% responding during the test trials.
These performance deficits were not specific to the learned, conditioned
response. Unconditioned responses were also reduced in frequency and
increased in latency of peak amplitude and rise time, especially when
elicited at lower air-puff intensities. These deficits in the unconditioned
response were observed in animals that failed to exhibit conditioned
responses on either paired or test trials, as well as in animals
demonstrating conditioned responses only during test trials. We conclude
that the cerebellum has a general role in regulating the nictitating
membrane reflex so that deficits in learned responses observed after
cerebellar lesions are secondary to a broader deficit in performance. The
performance deficits appear to consist of a sensory component, as reflected
by an increase in stimulus threshold for elicitation of the nictitating
membrane reflex, and a motor component, as reflected by the altered
topography of the evoked response. The results of this study thus reaffirm
the role of the cerebellum in regulating the sensorimotor processes
necessary for the optimal performance of both conditioned and unconditioned
responses and extends this role to the expression of a simple cranial nerve
reflex.
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