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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 3844-3860, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Disappearance and reformation of synaptic vesicle membrane upon transmitter release observed under reversible blockage of membrane retrieval
JH Koenig and K Ikeda
Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.
The temperature-sensitive mutant of Drosophila, shibire(ts-1), which is
normal at 19 degrees C, but in which endocytosis is reversibly blocked at
29 degrees C, was used to deplete synapses of vesicles by inducing
transmitter release while membrane retrieval was blocked. When the synapse
was kept at 29 degrees C for 8 min, complete vesicle depletion occurred.
However, no compensatory increase in the terminal plasma membrane, either
as invaginations or evaginations, was observed. Also, no internalized
membranous compartment, such as cisternae or coated vesicles, appeared. No
invaginations or out-pocketings were seen along the axon between release
sites, and no evidence for elongation of the whole axon was found. Thus,
the vesicle membrane compartment became unobservable as a result of
transmitter release. Depleted synapses were observed by electron microscopy
at various times after lowering the temperature, so that the process of
synaptic vesicle reformation could be observed. In the first 2-3 min at 19
degrees C, gradually enlarging uncoated invaginations of the plasma
membrane were observed. Between 5- 10 min at 19 degrees C, these
invaginations pinched off to form large cisternae. Newly formed synaptic
vesicles were observed associated with these cisternae by an electron-dense
material. Between 10-20 min at 19 degrees C, the number of synaptic
vesicles increased, while the size of the cisternae decreased. Within 30
min, the full complement of vesicles had reappeared. No involvement of the
coated vesicle pathway in synaptic vesicle reformation was observed. The
data suggest that synaptic vesicle membrane is dissembled at the time of
transmitter release and then is reassembled at sites along the plasma
membrane and internalized in the form of large cisternae, from which new
vesicles are formed.
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