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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 4200-4213, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Depletion of serotonin in the nervous system of Aplysia reduces the behavioral enhancement of gill withdrawal as well as the heterosynaptic facilitation produced by tail shock
DL Glanzman, SL Mackey, RD Hawkins, AM Dyke, PE Lloyd and ER Kandel
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10032.
Noxious stimuli, such as electrical shocks to the animal's tail, enhance
Aplysia's gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex. Previous experimental work
has indicated that this behavioral enhancement, known as dishabituation (if
the reflex has been habituated) or sensitization (if it has not been
habituated), might be mediated, at least in part, by the endogenous
monoaminergic transmitter serotonin (5-HT). To assess 5-HT's role in
dishabituation and sensitization of Aplysia withdrawal reflex, we treated
Aplysia with the serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7- dihydroxytryptamine
(5,7-DHT). We found that 5,7-DHT treatment significantly reduced the
dishabituation of the withdrawal reflex produced by tail shock. Treatment
with the neurotoxin also blocked the heterosynaptic facilitation of
monosynaptic connections between siphon sensory neurons and their follower
cells, which contributes to the behavioral enhancement. Analysis by
high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that 5,7-DHT treatment
significantly reduced 5- HT levels in the Aplysia CNS. Moreover, the
neurotoxic effects of 5,7- DHT appeared to be relatively specific for
serotonergic pathways. Thus, 5,7-DHT treatment did not disrupt the ability
of nonserotonergic facilitatory interneurons, the L29 cells, to facilitate
the connections of siphon sensory neurons. Also, 5,7-DHT reduced
5-HT-dependent, but not dopamine-dependent, histofluorescence in Aplysia
central ganglia. Finally, 5,7-DHT does not reduce the levels of the
facilitatory peptides SCPA and SCPB within the Aplysia CNS. Our results,
together with those of Mackey et al. (1989), indicate that 5-HT plays a
major role in mediating dishabituation and sensitization of Aplysia's
withdrawal reflex.
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