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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 497-506, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Two sexually dimorphic cell groups in the human brain
LS Allen, M Hines, JE Shryne and RA Gorski
Department of Anatomy, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
A quantitative analysis of the volume of 4 cell groups in the preoptic-
anterior hypothalamic area (PO-AHA) and of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of
the human brain was performed in 22 age-matched male and female
individuals. We suggest the term Interstitial Nuclei of the Anterior
Hypothalamus (INAH 1-4) to identify these 4 previously undescribed cell
groups in the PO-AHA. While 2 INAH and the SON were not sexually dimorphic,
gender-related differences were found in the other 2 cell groups. One
nucleus (INAH-3) was 2.8 times larger in the male brain than in the female
brain irrespective of age. The other cell group (INAH-2) was twice as large
in the male brain, but also appeared to be related in women to circulating
steroid hormone levels. Since the PO- AHA influences gonadotropin
secretion, maternal behavior, and sexual behavior in several mammalian
species, these results suggest that functional sex differences in the
hypothalamus may be related to sex differences in neural structure.
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