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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 1112-1125, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Gaze-dependent visual neurons in area V3A of monkey prestriate cortex
C Galletti and PP Battaglini
Cattedra di Fisiologia generale della Facolta di Farmacia, Istituto di Fisiologia umana, Universita di Bologna, Italy.
Extracellular recordings from single neurons of the prestriate area V3A
were carried out in awake, behaving monkeys, to test the influence of the
direction of gaze on cellular activity. The responsiveness to visual
stimulation of about half of the studied neurons (88/187) was influenced by
the animal's direction of gaze: physically identical visual stimuli
delivered to identical retinotopic positions (on the receptive field)
evoked different responses, depending upon the direction of gaze. Control
experiments discount the possibility that the observed phenomenon was due
to changes in visual background or in depth, depending on the direction in
which the animal was looking. The gaze effect modulated cell excitability
with different strengths for different gaze directions. The majority of
these neurons were more responsive when the animal looked contralaterally
with respect to the hemisphere they were recorded from. Gaze-dependent
neurons seem to be segregated in restricted cortical regions, within area
V3A, without mixing with non-gaze-dependent cells of the same cortical
area. The most reliable differences between V3A gaze-dependent neurons and
the same type of cells previously described in area 7a (Andersen and
Mountcastle, 1983) concern the small receptive field size, the laterality
of gaze effect, and the lack of straight-ahead facilitated or inhibited
neurons in area V3A. Since the present results show that V3A gaze-dependent
neurons combine information about the position of the eye in the orbit with
that of a restricted retinal locus (their receptive field), we suggest that
they might directly encode spatial locations of the animal's field of view
in a head frame of reference. These cells might be involved in the
construction of an internal map of the visual environment in which the
topographical position of the objects reflects their objective position in
space instead of reflecting the retinotopic position of their images. Such
an objective map of the visual world might allow the stability of visual
perception despite eye movement.
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