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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 1424-1432, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Early differentiation of retinal ganglion cells: an axonal protein expressed by premigratory and migrating retinal ganglion cells
SC McLoon and RB Barnes
Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
A monoclonal antibody, RA4, was developed that recognizes retinal ganglion
cell axons in the mature retina. Between embryonic days 3 and 9, the RA4
antigen was associated with cell bodies in certain regions of the retina in
addition to the ganglion cell axons. The RA4-positive cells were of 3
types: an apolar cell adjacent to the ventricular surface, a bipolar cell
that spanned the thickness of the retina, and a monopolar cell in the
ganglion cell layer. Evidence suggests that these cells are premigratory
and migrating retinal ganglion cells. The expression of the RA4 antigen is
the earliest indicator of ganglion cell differentiation yet reported. The
existence of RA4-positive apolar cells along the outer surface of the
retina suggests that the ganglion cell phenotype is expressed as soon as
the cell becomes postmitotic. Approximately 20% of the migrating ganglion
cells were in pairs. The paired cells most likely arose from the terminal
division of a germinal cell. One possibility suggested by these data is
that a ganglion cell- specific germinal cell arises from a pluripotent
germinal cell. Immunoblots and other analyses revealed the RA4 antigen to
be a 140 kDa cytoplasmic protein in the retina. RA4 also recognized many
long tract axons in the brain. In the brain, the RA4 epitope was observed
on proteins with at least 7 different molecular weights. Evidence suggests
that different cell types may express the RA4 antigen with slightly
different molecular weights.
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