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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 2011-2019, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Intracellular pH transients of mammalian astrocytes
M Chesler and RP Kraig
Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021.
Intracellular pH (pHi) is an important physiologic variable that both
reflects and influences cell function. Glial cells are known to alter their
functional state in response to a variety of stimuli and accordingly may be
expected to display corresponding shifts in pHi. We used fine-tipped,
double-barreled, pH-sensitive microelectrodes to continuously monitor pHi
in glial cells in vivo from rat frontal cortex. Cells were identified as
glia by a high membrane potential and lack of injury discharge or synaptic
potentials. Continuous, stable recordings of pHi from astrocytes were
obtained for up to 80 min but typically lasted for approximately 10 min.
Resting pHi was 7.04 +/- 0.02 with a membrane potential of 73 +/- 0.9 mV
(mean +/- SEM; n = 51). With cortical stimulation, glia depolarized and
became more alkaline by 0.05-0.40 pH (n = 50). During spreading depression
(SD), glia shifted more alkaline by 0.11-0.78 pH (n = 26). After
stimulation or SD, glia repolarized and pHi became more acidic than at
resting levels. Superfusion of the cortical surface with 0.5-2 mM Ba2+
caused glia to hyperpolarize during stimulation and completely abolished
the intracellular alkaline response. The predominant pH response of the
interstitial space during stimulation or SD was a slow acidification. With
superfusion of Ba2+ an early stimulus-evoked interstitial alkaline shift
was revealed. The mechanism of the intracellular alkaline shift is likely
to involve active extrusion of acid. However, internal consumption of
protons cannot be excluded. The sensitivity of the response to Ba2+
suggests that it is triggered by membrane depolarization. These results
suggest that glial pHi is normally modulated by the level of local neuronal
activity.
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