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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 2486-2501, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Cholecystokinin-like peptide is a modulator of a crustacean central pattern generator
GG Turrigiano and AI Selverston
Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
The presence, release, and physiological effects of a
cholecystokinin(CCK)-like peptide within the stomatogastric ganglion (STG)
of the lobster, Panulirus interruptus, are described. Indirect
immunofluorescence with 2 antisera raised against CCK8 was used to
determine the distribution of CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCKLI) in the
stomatogastric nervous system. CCKLI was demonstrated in the input nerve
and the neuropil of the STG and in neuropil and somata in the commissural
ganglia (CGs), brain, and eyestalks. None of the somata within the STG
displayed CCKLI. The cross-reactivities of the CCK antisera with several
peptides were determined using either a radioimmunoassay or an immunoblot
assay; the antisera recognized peptides homologous to CCK but did not
cross-react significantly with several unrelated peptides. The STG contains
2 central pattern generators (CPGs), the pyloric and the gastric mill CPGs.
Bath application of CCK8 to the STG had modulatory effects on both CPGs,
which were dose dependent and reversible. CCK increased the spike
frequencies and number of spikes per burst of the pyloric rhythm but had
little effect on the period. CCK increased the period of the gastric rhythm
and produced changes in the spike frequencies, burst lengths, and phases of
gastric units. High concentrations of peptide were needed to produce these
effects (10(-6) to 10(-4) M). Finally, stimulation of the stomatogastric
nerve (stn), which contains fibers immunoreactive to CCK, produced
calcium-dependent release of CCK molar equivalents (CCKE) into the STG. The
stn was electrically stimulated and the superfusate around the ganglion was
collected and assayed for CCKE using a radioimmunoassay. Stimulation
produced the release of 37.1 +/- 7.1 fmol (mean +/- SEM), compared to 13.7
+/- 4.9 fmol for unstimulated controls and 4.9 +/- 2.9 fmol in the absence
of calcium. These data suggest that a CCK-like peptide is an endogenous
modulator of the stomatogastric ganglion of P. interruptus.
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