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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 2620-2644, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Functional anatomy of the second visual area (V2) in the macaque
RB Tootell and SL Hamilton
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
To study the functional organization of secondary visual cortex (V2) in the
primate, 14C-2-deoxy-d-glucose (DG) was injected while macaque monkeys were
shown specific visual stimuli. Wherever possible, patterns of DG uptake
were compared with the position of dark and light cytochrome oxidase
(cytox) stripes (Tootell et al., 1983). Often, the DG effects of 2
different stimuli were compared in the same hemisphere to eliminate
ambiguities inherent in between-animal comparisons. Data were obtained from
a large number of animals in conjunction with related DG studies in area V1
(primary visual or striate cortex). The following conclusions were reached:
(1) in some macaque monkeys, dark cytox stripes were faint or absent.
Although this could conceivably be due to poor staining technique, some
evidence suggests that the lack of enzyme stripe pattern is real. In all
animals, including those that showed poor or no cytox staining evidence for
stripes, the functional architecture revealed by the DG was consistently
present and robust. (2) Uniform gray stimuli produce a relatively uniform
pattern and minimal stimulus-related DG uptake. (3) Eye movements per se
produce some uptake in the V2 stripes. (4) Very generalized visual
stimulation conditions (e.g., binocular stimulation with a grating of
varied orientation and varied spatial frequency) produced a pattern of
uptake that is greatest in both sets of dark cytox stripes and lighter in
the light cytochrome stripes. (5) In both the DG and cytox results, the V2
"stripes" are more accurately described as stripe-shaped collections of
patches. (6) In almost all cases, DG patterns were columnar in shape,
extending from white matter to cortical surface. The boundaries of the
columns were most sharply defined, and the contrast was highest, in layers
3B/4, becoming slightly more blurry and lower in contrast in other layers.
Laminar differences between DG patterns in V2 were almost negligible,
compared with the profound laminar differences in macaque V1. (7) There is
no DG evidence for, and much against, the possibility of an ocular
dominance architecture in V2. (8) There are orientation columns in macaque
V2. DG-labeled orientation columns are spaced further apart than those in
V1, by a factor of about 1.6, but the columns are not correspondingly
wider. (9) Spatially diffuse variations in color produce high uptake
confined, at least largely, to the thin cytox stripes. (10) There is
evidence for spatially antagonistic color surrounds in color cells in the
thin stripes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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