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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 2764-2775, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
The organization of spatial coding in the hippocampus: a study of neural ensemble activity
H Eichenbaum, SI Wiener, ML Shapiro and NJ Cohen
Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 02181.
Neural activity was recorded from local groups of hippocampal single units
in rats performing a spatial-memory task. The organization of functional
correlates in these neural ensembles was investigated by examining the
spatial relationships among the place fields of single units in each
ensemble. The distance and overlap between place fields were determined
together with the tuning of cellular activity to behavioral variables,
including direction, speed, and turning angle during movements within place
fields. The place fields of recorded neural ensembles were significantly
clustered: closer in space and considerably more overlapped than chance
when compared statistically with Monte Carlo simulations. Just as single
units often have significant firing in more than one distinct location in
the environment (subfields), the ensembles had multiple and distinct
clusters of overlapping subfields. In addition, proximity and overlap
between place fields were significantly, but weakly, correlated with
similarity in optimal movement tuning parameters. These results suggest
that the hippocampus maintains a local organization with respect to place
fields despite having no apparent large-scale isomorphism with the spatial
environment. The organization of multiple, clustered place fields with
correlated movement tuning properties in small neural ensembles suggests
the existence of functional neural ensembles serving to encode multiple
sensory and behavioral aspects of a place or event. Such an organization is
similar to that observed for neocortical association areas afferent to the
hippocampal system.
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