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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 9, 2954-2962, Copyright © 1989 by Society for Neuroscience
Asymmetry in voltage-dependent movements of isolated outer hair cells from the organ of Corti
J Santos-Sacchi
Laboratory of Otolaryngology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07103.
The electrically induced movements of outer hair cells (OHC) were studied
using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique and video analysis. Cell
shortening occurs during depolarization and elongation occurs during
hyperpolarization from holding potentials near -70 mV. However, a marked
asymmetry in response magnitude exists such that depolarization produces
larger cell length changes than do comparable levels of hyperpolarization.
The response is such that at normal resting potentials in vivo,
displacements are about 2 nm/mV, but increase to about 15 nm/mV as the cell
is depolarized. This mechanical rectification in the depolarizing direction
manifests itself during symmetrical sinusoidal voltage stimulation as a
"DC" reduction in cell length superimposed upon "AC" length changes. The
observed OHC mechanical rectification may be involved in the reported
production of "DC" basilar membrane displacements during suprathreshold
acoustic stimulation (LePage, 1987). Estimates of the magnitude of OHC
movements at acoustic threshold levels induced by receptor potentials in
the high- frequency region of the cochlea indicate a disparity between
basilar membrane and OHC movements on the order of 21 dB. Thus, it appears
questionable whether OHC mechanical movements solely underlie the "active
process" thought to be responsible for the high degree of neural tuning at
sound pressures near 0 dB.
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