The Journal of Neuroscience, May 5, 2004, ():
Expression of a Poly-Glutamine-Ataxin-3 Transgene in Orexin Neurons Induces Narcolepsy–Cataplexy in the Rat
J. Neurosci. Beuckmann et al.
24: 4469
Supplemental data
Supplemental Videos 1 and 2. CCD video cameras (miniature digital video format Sony DCR-TRV8; Sony, Tokyo, Japan) with infrared and digital time recording capabilities were used to document the behavior of orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic rats in the recording cages during the first 4 hr of the dark phase (lights off at 3:30 P.M.) as described previously (Chemelli et al., 1998; Willie et al., 2003). Synchronized EEG--EMG recordings are shown in the top half of the videos, and the corresponding animal behavioral video appears in the bottom half of the screen in audio video interleave format.
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental Movie 1
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Supplemental Video 1. Abnormal transition to REM sleep in an orexin/ataxin-3 hemizygous transgenic rat. This video shows a representative episode of an REM sleep event following an abnormally short transition phase from wakefulness. A time stamp is shown in the bottom right part of the screen. At 5:18:17 P.M., the rat is engaged in purposeful behavior (drinking). At 5:18:38 P.M., the wakefulness EEG broadens to include NREM components as the behavior of the rat begins to slow. At 5:18:49 P.M., the eye blinks and an REM sleep episode is initiated, as characterized by the EEG, and purposeful behavior stops. Note that the animal maintains some postural control, although the neck muscle is already atonic, as indicated by the EMG. At 5:19:03 P.M., posture has become flaccid. Note the absence of rocking behavior, which often occurs during REM sleep following an abnormal transition in orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic mice but was never observed in orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic rats. At 5:19:17 to 5:20:17 P.M., note the skipping of 1 min of continuous and motionless REM sleep. At 5:20:31 P.M., the rat abruptly resumes purposeful behavior. Note that reinstatement of neck muscle tone precedes awakening by ~2 sec.
- Supplemental Movie 2
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Supplemental Video 2. Cataplexy-like event in an orexin/ataxin-3 hemizygous transgenic rat. This video shows a representative episode of a cataplexy-like episode of muscle atonia. A time stamp is shown in the bottom right of the screen. At 5:12:40 P.M., the rat is engaged in purposeful behavior (drinking). At 5:12:56 P.M., an abrupt loss of neck muscle tone occurs as drinking behavior slows. At 5:13:00 P.M., a momentary episode during which postural control is regained is shown. At 5:13:03 P.M., sudden postural collapse occurs with the sipper tube still stuck in the mouth, the front paw falls down (indicated by the yellow arrow), and the neck muscle EMG indicates atonia while the EEG continues to show the pattern of wakefulness. At 5:13:12 P.M., muscle tone is partially regained. At 5:13:14 P.M., full postural control is reinstated.
