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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 1, 876-886, Copyright © 1981 by Society for Neuroscience
Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycle
G Aston-Jones and FE Bloom
Spontaneous discharge of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus (NE- LC)
neurons was examined during the sleep-walking cycle (S-WC) in behaving
rats. Single unit and multiple unit extracellular recordings yielded a
consistent set of characteristic discharge properties. (1) Tonic discharge
co-varied with stages of the S-WC, being highest during waking, lower
during slow wave sleep, and virtually absent during paradoxical sleep. (2)
Discharge anticipated S-WC stages as well as phasic cortical activity, such
as spindles, during slow wave sleep. (3) Discharge decreased within active
waking during grooming and sweet water consumption. (4) Bursts of impulses
accompanied spontaneous or sensory-evoked interruptions of sleep, grooming,
consumption, or other such ongoing behavior. (5) These characteristic
discharge properties were topographically homogeneous for recordings
throughout the NE-LC. (6) Phasic robust activity was synchronized markedly
among neurons in multiple unit populations. (7) Field potentials occurred
spontaneously in the NE-LC and were synchronized with bursts of unit
activity from the same electrodes. (8) Field potentials became dissociated
from unit activity during paradoxical sleep, exhibiting their highest rates
in the virtual absence of impulses. These results are generally consistent
with previous proposals that the NE-LC system is involved in regulating
cortical and behavioral arousal. On the basis of the present data and those
described in the following report (Aston-Jones, G., and F. E. Bloom (1981)
J. Neurosci.1: 887-900), we conclude that these neurons may mediate a
specific function within the general arousal framework. In brief, the NE-LC
system may globally bias the responsiveness of target neurons and thereby
influence overall behavioral orientation.
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