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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 588-602, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Changes in the distribution of GAP-43 during the development of neuronal polarity
K Goslin, DJ Schreyer, JH Skene and G Banker
Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Neurobiology, Albany Medical College, New York 12208.
GAP-43, a neuron specific growth-associated protein, is selectively
distributed to the axonal domain in developing neurons; it is absent from
dendrites and their growth cones. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we
have further examined the distribution of GAP-43 during the development of
hippocampal neurons in culture, in order to determine when this polarized
distribution arises. Cultured hippocampal neurons initially extend several
short processes which have the potential to become either axons or
dendrites. At this stage, before the morphological expression of polarity,
GAP-43 is concentrated in the growth cones of these processes but is
distributed more or less equally among them. Polarity becomes established
when one of these processes elongates to become the axon. At the earliest
stage when the emerging axon can be identified, GAP-43 is preferentially
concentrated in its growth cone. During the next few days, as the remaining
processes take on dendritic properties, they lose their residual GAP-43
immunoreactivity. Throughout development, GAP-43 remains highly
concentrated in the axonal growth cone, but the concentration of GAP-43 in
the axon shaft increases, beginning near the growth cone and progressing
proximally until GAP-43 is uniformly distributed along the entire axon. At
all stages of development, GAP-43 is also concentrated in the region of the
Golgi apparatus. These results suggest that the selective sorting of at
least one membrane protein into the axon coincides with the morphological
expression of polarity. These results also raise the possibility that
GAP-43 may play an important role in the early phases of axonal outgrowth,
by which the functional polarity of neurons is established.
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