 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 11, 2959-2971, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Neuroscience
Resetting the circadian clock in cultured Xenopus eyecups: regulation of retinal melatonin rhythms by light and D2 dopamine receptors
GM Cahill and JC Besharse
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66103.
A circadian oscillator is located within the eye of Xenopus laevis. This
oscillator regulates retinal melatonin synthesis, stimulating it at night.
The primary goal of the studies reported here was to define input pathways
to this circadian oscillator as a step toward identification of circadian
clock mechanisms. A flow-through superfusion culture system was developed
to monitor circadian rhythms of melatonin release from individual eyecups.
This system was used to determine the effects of light and dopaminergic
agents on melatonin production and on the phase of the circadian
oscillator. Six hour light pulses suppressed melatonin production and reset
the phase of the free- running melatonin rhythm. Light pulses caused phase
delays when applied during the early subjective night, phase advances when
applied during the late subjective night, and no phase shift when applied
during the subjective day. Dopamine receptor agonists mimicked light in
suppressing melatonin release and resetting the phase of the circadian
rhythm. The phase-response relationship for phase shifts induced by
quinpirole, a D2 dopamine receptor agonist, was similar to that for phase
shifts induced by light. Pharmacological analysis with selective
catecholamine receptor agonists and antagonists indicated that there are
pathways to the melatonin-generating system and the circadian oscillator
that include D2 dopamine receptors. A D2 receptor antagonist, eticlopride,
completely blocked the effects of dopamine on melatonin release and on
circadian phase. However, eticlopride did not alter similar effects induced
by light, indicating that dopamine- independent pathways exist for light
input to these systems. The effects of light and quinpirole on melatonin
release and circadian phase were not additive, indicating that the pathways
converge. These pathways to the circadian oscillator in the retina present
new avenues for pursuit of cellular circadian clock mechanisms.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
P. A. Bartell, M. Miranda-Anaya, W. McIvor, and M. Menaker
Interactions between Dopamine and Melatonin Organize Circadian Rhythmicity in the Retina of the Green Iguana
J Biol Rhythms,
December 1, 2007;
22(6):
515 - 523.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Yujnovsky, J. Hirayama, M. Doi, E. Borrelli, and P. Sassone-Corsi
Signaling mediated by the dopamine D2 receptor potentiates circadian regulation by CLOCK:BMAL1
PNAS,
April 18, 2006;
103(16):
6386 - 6391.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Li, S. Temple, Y. Gao, T. J. Haimberger, C. W. Hawryshyn, and L. Li
Circadian rhythms of behavioral cone sensitivity and long wavelength opsin mRNA expression: a correlation study in zebrafish
J. Exp. Biol.,
February 1, 2005;
208(3):
497 - 504.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hasegawa and G. M. Cahill
High Potassium Treatment Resets the Circadian Oscillator in Xenopus Retinal Photoreceptors
J Biol Rhythms,
June 1, 2004;
19(3):
208 - 215.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hasegawa and G. M. Cahill
Regulation of the Circadian Oscillator in Xenopus Retinal Photoreceptors by Protein Kinases Sensitive to the Stress-activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor, SB 203580
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 21, 2004;
279(21):
22738 - 22746.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Green and J. C. Besharse
Retinal Circadian Clocks and Control of Retinal Physiology
J Biol Rhythms,
April 1, 2004;
19(2):
91 - 102.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ribelayga, Y. Wang, and S. C. Mangel
A circadian clock in the fish retina regulates dopamine release via activation of melatonin receptors
J. Physiol.,
January 15, 2004;
554(2):
467 - 482.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Wiechmann, M. J. Vrieze, R. Dighe, and Y. Hu
Direct Modulation of Rod Photoreceptor Responsiveness through a Mel1c Melatonin Receptor in Transgenic Xenopus laevis Retina
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,
October 1, 2003;
44(10):
4522 - 4531.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Y.-P. Ko, M. L. Ko, and S. E. Dryer
Circadian Phase-Dependent Modulation of cGMP-Gated Channels of Cone Photoreceptors by Dopamine and D2 Agonist
J. Neurosci.,
April 15, 2003;
23(8):
3145 - 3153.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Liu and C. B. Green
Circadian Regulation of nocturnin Transcription by Phosphorylated CREB in Xenopus Retinal Photoreceptor Cells
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
November 1, 2002;
22(21):
7501 - 7511.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Nickla, C. F. Wildsoet, and D. Troilo
Diurnal Rhythms in Intraocular Pressure, Axial Length, and Choroidal Thickness in a Primate Model of Eye Growth, the Common Marmoset
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,
August 1, 2002;
43(8):
2519 - 2528.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Nir, J. M. Harrison, R. Haque, M. J. Low, D. K. Grandy, M. Rubinstein, and P. M. Iuvone
Dysfunctional Light-Evoked Regulation of cAMP in Photoreceptors and Abnormal Retinal Adaptation in Mice Lacking Dopamine D4 Receptors
J. Neurosci.,
March 15, 2002;
22(6):
2063 - 2073.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Steenhard and J. C. Besharse
Phase Shifting the Retinal Circadian Clock: xPer2 mRNA Induction by Light and Dopamine
J. Neurosci.,
December 1, 2000;
20(23):
8572 - 8577.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. O. Jaliffa, F. F. Lacoste, D. W. Llomovatte, M. I. K. Sarmiento, and R. E. Rosenstein
Dopamine Decreases Melatonin Content in Golden Hamster Retina
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
April 1, 2000;
293(1):
91 - 95.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. Manglapus, P. M. Iuvone, H. Underwood, M. E. Pierce, and R. B. Barlow
Dopamine Mediates Circadian Rhythms of Rod-Cone Dominance in the Japanese Quail Retina
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1999;
19(10):
4132 - 4141.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Witkovsky, Y. Schmitz, A. Akopian, D. Krizaj, and D. Tranchina
Gain of Rod to Horizontal Cell Synaptic Transfer: Relation to Glutamate Release and a Dihydropyridine-Sensitive Calcium Current
J. Neurosci.,
October 1, 1997;
17(19):
7297 - 7306.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Iigo, K. Furukawa, A. Hattori, R. Ohtani-Kaneko, M. Hara, T. Suzuki, M. Tabata, and K. Aida
Ocular Melatonin Rhythms in the Goldfish, Carassius auratus
J Biol Rhythms,
April 1, 1997;
12(2):
182 - 192.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Green and J. C. Besharse
Identification of a novel vertebrate circadian clock-regulated gene encoding the protein nocturnin
PNAS,
December 10, 1996;
93(25):
14884 - 14888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Underwood and K. Edmonds
The Circadian Rhythm of Thermoregulation in Japanese Quail. II. Multioscillator Control
J Biol Rhythms,
September 1, 1995;
10(3):
234 - 247.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Janik, J. Dittami, and E. Gwinner
The Effect of Pinealectomy on Circadian Plasma Melatonin Levels in House Sparrows and European Starlings
J Biol Rhythms,
December 1, 1992;
7(4):
277 - 286.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
