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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 11, 369-380, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Neuroscience
Temporal interactions in the cat visual system. III. Pharmacological studies of cortical suppression suggest a presynaptic mechanism
SB Nelson
Robert Bosch Vision Research Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California 92138.
When tested with pairs of brief visual stimuli, neurons of the primary
visual cortex of the cat show a long-lasting, orientation-selective
suppression, termed "paired-pulse suppression." The hypothesis that this
suppression is due to GABAA-mediated inhibition was tested by performing
temporal interaction tests before, during, and after iontophoretic
application of the selective antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). In
keeping with previous reports, BMI elevated the spontaneous and evoked
firing rates of cortical neurons, and altered basic receptive field
properties. Under the influence of BMI, most neurons showed a reduced or
abolished selectivity for stimulus orientation and direction of movement.
The effects on orientation selectivity required higher ejection currents
than did the effects on directional selectivity. At high ejection currents,
most cells did lose selectivity for the orientation of a moving stimulus,
but retained some selectivity for the orientation of a stationary stimulus.
BMI, even at very high ejection currents, did not abolish paired-pulse
suppression. In some cells, BMI enhanced or prolonged paired-pulse
suppression. In further experiments, temporal interaction tests were
performed in which one or the other of the component stimuli was replaced
with a pharmacological stimulus (a pulse of glutamate or potassium). A
pharmacological stimulus did not produce suppression of the response to a
subsequent visual stimulus, nor did a visual stimulus suppress the response
to a subsequent pharmacological stimulus. Paired-pulse suppression occurred
only when both stimuli were visual. Taken together with previous results,
the present data indicate that paired-pulse suppression is most likely due
to a presynaptic mechanism.
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