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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 11, 2039-2054, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Neuroscience
Anterior and posterior association cortex contributions to the somatosensory P300
S Yamaguchi and RT Knight
Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis.
A P300 (P3)-evoked response is generated in a variety of mammalian species
upon detection of significant environmental events. The P3 component has
been proposed to index a neural system involved in attention and memory
capacity. We investigated the contribution of anterior and posterior
association cortex to somatosensory P3 generation. Somatosensory
event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in controls (n = 10) and
patients with unilateral lesions in temporal- parietal junction (n = 8),
lateral parietal cortex (n = 8), or dorsolateral frontal cortex (n = 10).
Subjects pressed a button to mechanical taps of the fifth finger (targets;
p = 0.12), randomly interposed in sequences of taps to the second
(standards; p = 0.76) and the third or fourth finger (tactile novels; p =
0.06). Occasional shock stimuli were delivered to the wrist (shock novels;
p = 0.06). The scalp- recorded P3 was differentially affected by anterior
and posterior association cortex lesions. Subjects with temporal-parietal
lesions showed markedly reduced P3s to all types of stimuli at all scalp
locations. The reductions were largest at the parietal electrode site over
the lesioned hemisphere. Parietal patients had normal P3s for all stimulus
types except for contralateral shock novels, which generated reduced P3s.
Frontal lesions had reductions of the novelty P3 over frontal sites with
minimal changes in the target P3. The data support the existence of
multiple intracranial P3 sources. The data further indicate that
association cortex in the temporal-parietal junction is critical for
generating the scalp-recorded target and novelty P3s, whereas dorsolateral
frontal cortex contributes preferentially to novelty P3 generation. The N2
component was reduced by parietal and frontal lesions in patients who had
intact target P3s, suggesting that different neural systems underlie N2 and
P3 generation.
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