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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 3896-3919, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
Olfactory sensory neurons are trophically dependent on the olfactory bulb for their prolonged survival
JE Schwob, KE Szumowski and AA Stasky
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210.
In most neural systems, developing neurons are trophically dependent on
contact with their synaptic target for their survival and for some features
of their differentiation. However, in the olfactory system, it is unclear
whether or not the survival and differentiation of olfactory sensory
neurons depend on contact with the olfactory bulb (normally the sole
synaptic target for these neurons). In order to address this issue, we
examined neuronal life-span and differentiation in adult rats subjected to
unilateral olfactory bulb ablation at least 1 month prior to use. Life-span
of a newly generated cohort of olfactory neurons was determined by labeling
them at their "birth" via the incorporation of 3H-thymidine. In the absence
of the bulb, neurons are continually produced at a twofold greater rate.
However, the epithelium on the ablated side is thinner, indicating that
average neuronal life-span must be reduced in the targetless epithelium.
Indeed, nearly 90% of the labeled neurons disappear from the bulbectomized
side between 5 d and 2 weeks of neuronal age. Moreover, on electron
microscopic examination, olfactory axons are degenerating in large numbers
on the ablated side. Since labeled neurons migrate apically through the
width of the epithelium during this same period, it appears that most, if
not all, neurons on the ablated side have a life-span on the order of 2
weeks or less. In contrast, there is a more moderate degree of neuronal
loss on the unoperated side of the same animals during the first 2 weeks
after tracer injection, and that occurs while the neurons are concentrated
in the deeper half of the epithelium, suggesting that there is a
preexisting population of neurons in the control epithelium that does not
die during this period. Likewise, degenerating axons are much less frequent
on the unoperated side. We conclude that life-span is significantly shorter
for olfactory neurons born in the targetless epithelium and that olfactory
neurons are trophically dependent on the presence of the bulb for their
prolonged survival. Neuronal differentiation in the absence of the bulb was
assessed according to ultrastructural criteria and the pattern of protein
expression using antisera to the growth associated protein GAP-43 and the
olfactory marker protein. By both measures, most neurons in the epithelium
on the bulbectomized side, but not all, are immature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
400 WORDS)
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