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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 1127-1134, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
The microphysiology of peripheral taste organs
SD Roper
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins 80523.
Recent studies on how peripheral taste organs function have revealed a
number of intriguing membrane mechanisms underlying taste transduction. The
story is still evolving, but certain generalities can now be stated
confidently. For example, there is no one single chemosensory membrane
transduction event. Instead, the different taste qualities--sweet, sour,
salty, bitter--are subserved by different mechanisms. Furthermore, chemical
and electrical synaptic processing in the taste bud is likely to modulate
the output of the taste organs and may contribute to how different taste
qualities are discriminated. Synapses occur between adjacent cells in the
taste organ as well as between receptor cells and sensory fibers. The
preponderance of data indicates that biogenic amines are present in taste
buds and exert some form of neuromodulatory control, if not frank
neurotransmission, in peripheral taste organs. Current research in the
microphysiology of taste buds includes extending and refining our
understanding of how the apical, chemosensitive regions of receptor cells
respond to taste stimuli, identifying what synaptic transmitters exist in
taste organs, and exploring synaptic mechanisms in taste buds.
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