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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 3591-3600, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
Phenotypical characterization of the rat striatal neurons expressing muscarinic receptor genes
V Bernard, E Normand and B Bloch
URA CNRS 1200, Universite de Bordeaux II, France.
Neurons expressing the m1, m2, and m4 muscarinic receptor genes in the
adult rat striatum were identified and characterized by using several in
situ hybridization and immunohistochemical procedures. Combined in situ
hybridization for the simultaneous detection of two mRNAs in the same
section or in adjacent sections as well as in situ hybridization and
immunohistochemistry on adjacent sections permitted us to identify the
neurons containing m1, m2, or m4 receptor mRNA. Our observations
demonstrate that m1, m2, and m4 receptor genes are expressed in one or
several phenotypically distinct neuronal populations. The m1 receptor gene
was the most widely expressed (85% of the striatal neurons). Most
cholinergic neurons (80% or more) contain m1, m2, and m4 receptor mRNAs.
Almost all the substance P neurons contain m1 and m4 receptor mRNA. All
enkephalinergic neurons contained m1 receptor mRNA, but only 39% contained
m4 receptor mRNA. Most somatostatin and neurotensin neurons expressed the
m1 receptor gene, but only a few (15% and 9%, respectively) contained m4
receptor mRNA. The present study offers anatomical evidence that ACh may
act directly in complex ways on the main neuronal populations of the
striatum through muscarinic receptors. The m1, m2, and m4 receptors may act
as autoreceptors to control ACh release and possibly other parameters of
ACh neurons. On the other hand, the m1 and m4 receptors may act as
heteroreceptors in cholinoceptive efferent neurons (enkephalin and
substance P neurons) and other neurons (somatostatin/neuropeptide Y and
neurotensin neurons). The presence of m4 receptor mRNA in only parts of the
enkephalin, somatostatin, and neurotensin neuronal populations indicates
that muscarinic receptor gene expression contributes to the functional and
anatomical heterogeneity of the striatum that may relate to higher order of
organization, including patch-matrix compartmentalization. The wide
expression of m1 and m4 receptor genes in the striatum suggests that ACh
may directly influence neurotransmitter release and synthesis in striatal
efferent and intrinsic neurons. Our results imply that the specific pattern
of expression of the muscarinic receptor genes mediates direct effects of
ACh on activities and functions of chemically and topologically defined
striatal neuronal populations. Since the expression of muscarinic receptors
occurred in the three main neuronal populations of the striatum, namely
ACh, enkephalins, and substance P neurons that also express dopamine
receptors, it is highly probable that ACh and dopamine may act together at
the single-cell level to influence striatal functions.
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