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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 2627-2637, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
The development of synaptic function and integration in the central auditory system
DH Sanes
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York 10003.
The development of inhibitory synaptic transmission is difficult to assess
because the afferents usually arise from intrinsic neurons that are
difficult to stimulate independently. The postnatal maturation of
excitatory and inhibitory synaptic function was compared in the gerbil
lateral superior olive (LSO), where it is possible to stimulate physically
discrete afferent projections. Intracellular recordings obtained in a brain
slice preparation revealed that transmission was prominent at birth. The
EPSPs and IPSPs were up to 2 orders of magnitude longer than in more mature
animals. Brief trains of electrical stimulus pulses led to a temporal
summation of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in 1-14 d animals resulting in
prolonged depolarizations or hyperpolarizations. In neonates, the
depolarization could exceed 1 sec following a 70 msec stimulus train. The
IPSPs in neonates were often of sufficient amplitude to evoke a rebound
depolarization or action potential. The number of converging afferents was
estimated from the quantized increases in PSP size. There was a significant
decrease with age, suggesting that both inhibitory and excitatory afferents
were eliminated during the first 3 postnatal weeks. The integration of
action potentials with IPSPs was examined with conjoint stimuli to the two
afferent pathways, and demonstrated that the effective IPSP duration
decreased approximately 20-fold during the first 3 postnatal weeks. The
magnitudes and durations of electrical stimulus-evoked PSPs suggest that
spontaneous discharge of afferents to the LSO could have a substantial
impact on their development, even prior to the response to airborne sound
at 12 d. Furthermore, the synaptic responses obtained at 12-14 d postnatal
indicated that both amplitude and temporal processing remain compromised.
These immature synaptic properties would be expected to compound the
inadequacies present in the cochlea and cochlear nucleus.
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