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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 54-67, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Tuning of MST neurons to spiral motions
MS Graziano, RA Andersen and RJ Snowden
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Cells in the dorsal division of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd)
have large receptive fields and respond to expansion/contraction, rotation,
and translation motions. These same motions are generated as we move
through the environment, leading investigators to suggest that area MSTd
analyzes the optical flow. One influential idea suggests that navigation is
achieved by decomposing the optical flow into the separate and discrete
channels mentioned above, that is, expansion/contraction, rotation, and
translation. We directly tested whether MSTd neurons perform such a
decomposition by examining whether there are cells that are preferentially
tuned to intermediate spiral motions, which combine both
expansion/contraction and rotation components. The finding that many cells
in MSTd are preferentially selective for spiral motions indicates that this
simple three-channel decomposition hypothesis for MSTd does not appear to
be correct. Instead, there is a continuum of patterns to which MSTd cells
are selective. In addition, we find that MSTd cells maintain their
selectivity when stimuli are moved to different locations in their large
receptive fields. This position invariance indicates that MSTd cells
selective for expansion cannot give precise information about the retinal
location of the focus of expansion. Thus, individual MSTd neurons cannot
code, in a precise fashion, the direction of heading by using the location
of the focus of expansion. The only way this navigational information could
be accurately derived from MSTd is through the use of a coarse, population
encoding. Positional invariance and selectivity for a wide array of stimuli
suggest that MSTd neurons encode patterns of motion per se, regardless of
whether these motions are generated by moving objects or by motion induced
by observer locomotion.
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