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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 6217-6229, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
The extent of adaptation in bullfrog saccular hair cells
GM Shepherd and DP Corey
Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Positive deflection of the sensory hair bundle of a vertebrate hair cell
opens transduction channels to depolarize the cell. In bullfrog saccular
hair cells, there is a subsequent adaptation process, whereby the
proportion of transduction channels that are open, and thus the receptor
current, declines toward the resting value. This occurs because the
sensitivity curve, relating open probability to bundle deflection, shifts
along the deflection axis in response to bundle deflections, in a manner
consistent with a relaxation of mechanical tension on transduction
channels. In this study we determined the extent of adaptation, measured as
the shift of the sensitivity curve following deflection of the hair bundle.
The shift was determined both by comparison of the receptor current in the
adapted state to the resting sensitivity curve, and by comparison of pre-
and postadapted sensitivity curves. The adaptive shift approached steady
state with a time constant of 20-30 msec, and was at steady state within
150 msec. For all positive and for small negative deflections, both methods
showed a shift that was approximately 80% of the deflection. For larger
negative deflections, the shift reached a fixed limit that was 100-500 nm
negative to the freestanding bundle position. The limited extent of
adaptation confers a time-dependent sensitivity: the cell has an
instantaneous or phasic sensitivity curve that is steep, and steady- state
or tonic sensitivity curve that is about five times broader. It also
suggests the existence of two additional structural elements within the
transduction apparatus. A revised quantitative theory accommodates these
elements.
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