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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 3688-3703, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Activity-induced changes in synaptic release sites at the crayfish neuromuscular junction
JM Wojtowicz, L Marin and HL Atwood
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Crustacean motor axons provide a model in which activity-dependent changes
in synaptic physiology and synaptic structure can be concurrently observed
in single identifiable neurons. In response to a train of stimulation,
crustacean neuromuscular junctions undergo pronounced facilitation of
transmitter release. The effects of maintained high-frequency stimulation
may persist for at least several hours ("long-term facilitation").
Electrophysiological studies suggest that the number of "active" synapses
contributing transmitter quanta at low frequencies of stimulation increases
during and after a train of high-frequency stimulation. However, at
different terminal recording sites the effect of stimulation varies, and it
was observed that not all released quanta produce a voltage change in the
postsynaptic muscle cell. Electron microscopic examinations of serial
sections from nerve terminals subjected to stimulation were made to
determine whether changes in synaptic structure could be correlated with
activity-induced long-lasting enhancement of transmission. A procedure was
introduced for marking a recorded terminal with fluorescent polystyrene
microspheres, which are visible in electron micrographs of the recording
site. Crustacean nerve terminals possess a large number of discrete
synapses, a small fraction of which have multiple presynaptic "active
zones" (dense bodies with clustered synaptic vesicles, thought to represent
sites of evoked transmitter release). In terminals previously stimulated,
the proportion of synapses with multiple "active zones" is greater than in
control unstimulated terminals. Total synaptic vesicle counts and readily
releasable vesicles at synapses are not significantly different in
previously stimulated terminals and controls. In terminals fixed during
stimulation a few synapses show evidence of division in "active zones," and
synaptic vesicle counts are lower than in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
250 WORDS)
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