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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 5170-5186, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Physiological correlates of the precedence effect and summing localization in the inferior colliculus of the cat
TC Yin
Department of Neurophysiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
The precedence effect (PE) describes an illusion produced when two similar
sounds are delivered in quick succession (interclick delays of 2-8 msec)
from sound sources at different locations so that only a single sound is
perceived. The localization of the perceived sound is dominated by the
location of the leading sound. If the delays are very short (< 1-2
msec), summing localization occurs and a phantom source is perceived whose
location is toward the leading sound. The purpose of these experiments was
to look for physiological correlates of the precedence effect and summing
localization by recording from single neurons in the inferior colliculus of
the anesthetized cat. Click stimuli were delivered under two different
situations: over headphones in dichotic experiments and through two
speakers in an anechoic room in free-field studies. In the latter case the
cat was placed midway between the speakers and a single click stimulus was
delivered to each speaker with variable interclick delays (ICDs). Most
cells, under both dichotic and free-field conditions, exhibited a form of
the precedence effect in which the response to the lagging click was
suppressed when ICDs were short. The suppression of the lagging click, or
echo, was measured by recovery curves, which plotted the response of the
lagging click as a function of ICD. There was considerable variability in
the recovery curves from different cells: the ICDs at which the recovery
reached 50%, which is a measure of the echo threshold for the cell, ranged
from 1 to 100 msec with a median of 20 msec. Human psychophysical
experiments report echo thresholds for clicks ranging from 2 to 8 msec. If
we assume that absolute echo threshold is determined by the cells with
shortest recovery curves, then the thresholds for single cells are in
accord with the psychophysical results. The possible sites of generation of
the echo suppression are also considered. Changes in the relative level of
the leading and lagging clicks produced the expected shifts in the recovery
curves. With short ICDs in the summing localization range (between about
+/- 2 msec) cells also showed responses consonant with the human
psychophysical result that the sound source is localized to a phantom image
between the two speakers and toward the leading one. The location of the
image varied systematically with the relative levels or ICDs of the
clicks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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